モジュール:Wd

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-- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]].

local p = {}
local arg = ...
local i18n

function loadSubmodules(frame)
	-- internationalization
	if not i18n then
		if frame then
			-- module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame
			i18n = require(frame:getTitle().."/i18n")
		else
			-- module included by other module, get its title from ...
			i18n = require(arg.."/i18n")
		end
	end
end

local aliasesP = {
	coord           = "P625",
	---------------
	author          = "P50",
	publisher       = "P123",
	importedFrom    = "P143",
	statedIn        = "P248",
	publicationDate = "P577",
	startTime       = "P580",
	endTime         = "P582",
	retrieved       = "P813",
	referenceURL    = "P854",
	archiveURL      = "P1065",
	title           = "P1476",
	quote           = "P1683",
	shortName       = "P1813",
	language        = "P2439",
	archiveDate     = "P2960"
}

local aliasesQ = {
	percentage              = "Q11229",
	prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786"
}

local parameters = {
	property  = "%p",
	qualifier = "%q",
	reference = "%r",
	separator = "%s",
	general   = "%x"
}

local formats = {
	property              = "%p[%s][%r]",
	qualifier             = "%q[%s][%r]",
	reference             = "%r",
	propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:smaller\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]"
}

local hookNames = {              -- {level_1, level_2}
	[parameters.property]         = {"getProperty"},
	[parameters.reference]        = {"getReferences", "getReference"},
	[parameters.qualifier]        = {"getAllQualifiers"},
	[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}
}

-- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied
local defaultSeparators = {
	["sep"]      = {" "},
	["sep%s"]    = {","},
	["sep%q"]    = {"; "},
	["sep%q\\d"] = {", "},
	["sep%r"]    = nil,  -- none
	["punc"]     = nil   -- none
}

local Config = {}
Config.__index = Config

-- allows for recursive calls
function Config.new()
	local cfg = {}
	setmetatable(cfg, Config)
	
	cfg.separators = {
		-- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference
		["sep"]   = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])},
		["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])},
		["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])},
		["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])},
		["punc"]  = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])}
	}
	
	cfg.entity = nil
	cfg.propertyID = nil
	cfg.propertyValue = nil
	cfg.qualifierIDs = {}
	
	cfg.bestRank = true
	cfg.ranks = {true, true, false}  -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false
	cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks
	cfg.flagBest = false
	cfg.flagRank = false
	
	cfg.periods = {true, true, true}  -- future = true, current = true, former = true
	cfg.flagPeriod = false
	
	cfg.mdyDate = false
	
	cfg.pageTitle = false
	
	cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code
	cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode)
	cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode)
	
	cfg.states = {}
	cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0
	cfg.curState = nil
	
	return cfg
end

local State = {}
State.__index = State

function State.new(cfg)
	local stt = {}
	setmetatable(stt, State)
	
	stt.conf = cfg
	
	stt.results = {}
	
	stt.parsedFormat = {}
	stt.separator = {}
	stt.movSeparator = {}
	stt.puncMark = {}
	
	stt.linked = false
	stt.rawValue = false
	stt.shortName = false
	stt.singleValue = false
	
	return stt
end

function applyStringParams(str, ...)
	for i, v in ipairs(arg) do
		str = mw.ustring.gsub(str, "$"..i, v)
	end
	
	return str
end

function unknownDataTypeError(dataType)
	return applyStringParams(i18n['errors']['unknown-data-type'], dataType)
end

function missingRequiredParameterError()
	return i18n['errors']['missing-required-parameter']
end

function extraRequiredParameterError(param)
	return applyStringParams(i18n['errors']['extra-required-parameter'], param)
end

-- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0)
-- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables
function copyTable(tIn)
	if not tIn then
		return nil
	end
	
	local tOut = {}
	
	for i, v in pairs(tIn) do
		tOut[i] = v
	end
	
	return tOut
end

-- used to merge output arrays together;
-- note that it currently mutates the first input array
function mergeArrays(a1, a2)
	for i = 1, #a2 do
		a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i]
	end
	
	return a1
end

-- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the
-- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output
function concatValues(valuesArray)
	local outString = ""
	local j, skip
	
	for i = 1, #valuesArray do
		-- check if this is a reference
		if valuesArray[i].refHash then
			j = i - 1
			skip = false
			
			-- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference
			while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do
				if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then
					skip = true
					break
				end
				j = j - 1
			end
			
			if not skip then
				-- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references)
				outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = "wikidata-" .. valuesArray[i].refHash})
			end
		else
			outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1]
		end
	end

	return outString
end

function getHookName(param, index)
	if hookNames[param] then
		return hookNames[param][index]
	elseif string.len(param) > 2 then
		return hookNames[string.sub(param, 1, 2).."\\d"][index]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

function parseWikidataURL(url)
	local i, j
	
	if url:match('^http[s]?://') then
		i, j = url:find("Q")
		
		if i then
			return url:sub(i)
		end
	end
	
	return nil
end

function parseDate(dateStr, precision)
	precision = precision or "d"
	local i, j, index, ptr
	local parts = {nil, nil, nil}
	
	if dateStr == nil then
		return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
	end
	
	-- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached
	i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]")
	
	if i then
		dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1)
	end
	
	local from = 1
	
	if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then
		-- this is a negative number, look further ahead
		from = 2
	end
	
	index = 1
	ptr = 1
	
	i, j = dateStr:find("-", from)
	
	if i then
		-- year
		parts[index] = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), "^\+(.+)$", "%1"), 10)  -- remove '+' sign (explicitly give base 10 to prevent error)
		
		if parts[index] == -0 then
			parts[index] = tonumber("0")  -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead
		end
		
		if precision == "y" then
			-- we're done
			return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
		end
		
		index = index + 1
		ptr = i + 1
		
		i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr)
		
		if i then
			-- month
			parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10)
			
			if precision == "m" then
				-- we're done
				return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
			end
			
			index = index + 1
			ptr = i + 1
		end
	end
	
	if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then
		-- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year
		parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10)
	end
	
	return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]  -- year, month, day
end

function convertUnit(unit, link)
	link = link or false
	local itemID, label, title
	
	if unit == "" or unit == "1" then
		return nil
	end
	
	itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit)
	
	if itemID then
		if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then
			return "%"
		else
			label = mw.wikibase.label(itemID)
			title = nil
			
			if link or label == nil then
				title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(itemID)
			end
			
			if link then
				if title then
					return " " .. "[[" .. title .. "|" .. (label or title) .. "]]"
				end
				
				if not label then
					return " " .. "[[d:" .. itemID .. "|" .. itemID .. "]]"
				end
			end
			
			return " " .. (label or title or itemID)
		end
	end
	
	return " " .. unit
end

function getOrdinalSuffix(num)
	return i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(num)
end

function addDelimiters(num)
	return i18n.addDelimiters(num)
end

-- used for cleaner output when subst:ituting this module
function replaceHTMLSpaces(str)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(str, "&#32;", " ")
end

function convertRank(rank)
	if rank == "preferred" then
		return 1
	elseif rank == "normal" then
		return 2
	elseif rank == "deprecated" then
		return 3
	else
		return 4  -- default (in its literal sense)
	end
end

function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD)
	if aY == nil or bY == nil then
		return nil
	end
	aM = aM or 1
	aD = aD or 1
	bM = bM or 1
	bD = bD or 1
	
	if aY < bY then
		return true
	end
	
	if aY > bY then
		return false
	end
	
	if aM < bM then
		return true
	end
	
	if aM > bM then
		return false
	end
	
	if aD < bD then
		return true
	end
	
	return false
end

function alwaysTrue()
	return true
end

-- The following function parses a format string.
--
-- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory.
-- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake.
--
-- Example:
-- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D"
--
-- Structure:
-- [
--   {
--     str = "A "
--   },
--   {
--     str = "%p"
--   },
--   {
--     str = " B ",
--     child =
--     [
--       {
--         str = "%s",
--         child =
--         [
--           {
--             str = "%q1"
--           }
--         ]
--       }
--     ]
--   },
--   {
--     str = " C ",
--     child =
--     [
--       {
--         str = "%r"
--       }
--     ]
--   },
--   {
--     str = " D"
--   }
-- ]
--
function parseFormat(str)
	local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new
	local params = {}
	
	local function newObject(array)
		local obj = {}  -- new object
		obj.str = ""
		
		array[#array + 1] = obj  -- array{object}
		obj.parent = array
		
		return obj
	end
	
	local function endParam()
		if param > 0 then
			if cur.str ~= "" then
				cur.str = "%"..cur.str
				cur.param = true
				params[cur.str] = true
				cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true
				prev = cur
				cur = newObject(cur.parent)
			end
			param = 0
		end
	end
	
	root = {}  -- array
	root.req = {}
	cur = newObject(root)
	prev = nil
	
	esc = false
	param = 0
	
	for i = 1, #str do
		chr = str:sub(i,i)
		
		if not esc then
			if chr == '\\' then
				endParam()
				esc = true
			elseif chr == '%' then
				endParam()
				if cur.str ~= "" then
					cur = newObject(cur.parent)
				end
				param = 2
			elseif chr == '[' then
				endParam()
				if prev and cur.str == "" then
					table.remove(cur.parent)
					cur = prev
				end
				cur.child = {}  -- new array
				cur.child.req = {}
				cur.child.parent = cur
				cur = newObject(cur.child)
			elseif chr == ']' then
				endParam()
				if cur.parent.parent then
					new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent)
					if cur.str == "" then
						table.remove(cur.parent)
					end
					cur = new
				end
			else
				if param > 1 then
					param = param - 1
				elseif param == 1 then
					if not string.match(chr, '%d') then
						endParam()
					end
				end
				
				cur.str = cur.str .. chr
			end
		else
			cur.str = cur.str .. chr
			esc = false
		end
		
		prev = nil
	end
	
	endParam()
	
	return root, params
end

function sortOnRank(claims)
	local rankPos
	local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}}  -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default)
	local sorted = {}
	
	for i, v in ipairs(claims) do
		rankPos = convertRank(v.rank)
		ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v
	end
	
	sorted = ranks[1]
	sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2])
	sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3])
	
	return sorted
end

function getShortName(itemID)
	if itemID then
		return p._property({itemID, aliasesP.shortName})  -- "property" is single
	else
		return p._property({aliasesP.shortName})  -- "property" is single
	end
end

function getLabel(ID)
	if ID then
		return p._label({ID})
	else
		return p._label({})
	end
end

function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang)
	raw = raw or false
	link = link or false
	short = short or false
	anyLang = anyLang or false
	
	if snak.snaktype == 'value' then
		if snak.datavalue.type == 'string' then
			return snak.datavalue.value
		elseif snak.datavalue.type == 'monolingualtext' then
			if anyLang then
				return snak.datavalue.value['text'], snak.datavalue.value['language']
			elseif snak.datavalue.value['language'] == self.langCode then
				return snak.datavalue.value['text']
			else
				return nil
			end
		elseif snak.datavalue.type == 'quantity' then
			-- strip + signs from front
			local value = mw.ustring.gsub(snak.datavalue.value['amount'], "^\+(.+)$", "%1")
			
			-- replace decimal mark based on locale
			value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1)
			
			if not raw then
				value = addDelimiters(value)
				local unit = convertUnit(snak.datavalue.value['unit'], link)
				if unit then
					value = value .. unit
				end
			end
			
			return value
		elseif snak.datavalue.type == 'time' then
			local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr
			local yFactor = 1
			local sign = 1
			local prefix = ""
			local suffix = ""
			local mayAddCalendar = false
			local calendar = ""
			local precision = snak.datavalue.value['precision']
			
			if precision == 11 then
				p = "d"
			elseif precision == 10 then
				p = "m"
			else
				p = "y"
				yFactor = 10^(9-precision)
			end
			
			y, m, d = parseDate(snak.datavalue.value['time'], p)
			
			if y < 0 then
				sign = -1
				y = y * sign
			end
			
			-- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years
			if precision <= 8 then
				yDiv = y / yFactor
				
				-- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years
				if precision >= 6 then
					mayAddCalendar = true
					
					if precision <= 7 then
						-- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium)
						yRound = math.ceil(yDiv)
						
						if not raw then
							if precision == 6 then
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium']
							else
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century']
							end
							
							suffix = getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix
						else
							-- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium
							-- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium)
							yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1
						end
					else
						-- precision == 8
						-- round decades down (e.g. 2010s)
						yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor
						
						if not raw then
							prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period']
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period']
						end
					end
					
					if raw and sign < 0 then
						-- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards"
						-- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE)
						yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1
					end
				else
					local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound
					
					-- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more
					yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5)
					
					if yRound == 0 then
						if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then
							yReFactor = 1e6
							yReDiv = y / yReFactor
							yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)
							
							if yReDiv == yReRound then
								-- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them
								precision = 3
								yFactor = yReFactor
								yRound = yReRound
							end
						end
						
						if yRound == 0 then
							-- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years
							precision = 5
							yFactor = 1
							yRound = y
							mayAddCalendar = true
						end
					end
					
					if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then
						yFull = yRound * yFactor
						
						yReFactor = 1e9
						yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor
						yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)
						
						if yReDiv == yReRound then
							-- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range
							precision = 0
							yFactor = yReFactor
							yRound = yReRound
						else
							yReFactor = 1e6
							yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor
							yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5)
							
							if yReDiv == yReRound then
								-- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range
								precision = 3
								yFactor = yReFactor
								yRound = yReRound
							end
						end
					end
					
					if not raw then
						if precision == 3 then
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years']
						elseif precision == 0 then
							suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years']
						else
							yRound = yRound * yFactor
							if yRound == 1 then
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year']
							else
								suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years']
							end
						end
					else
						yRound = yRound * yFactor
					end
				end
			else
				yRound = y
				mayAddCalendar = true
			end
			
			if mayAddCalendar then
				calendarID = parseWikidataURL(snak.datavalue.value['calendarmodel'])
				
				if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then
					if not raw then
						if link then
							calendar = " ([["..i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'].."|"..i18n['datetime']['julian'].."]])"
						else
							calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")"
						end
					else
						calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian']
					end
				end
			end
			
			if not raw then
				local ce = nil
				
				if sign < 0 then
					ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE']
				elseif precision <= 5 then
					ce = i18n['datetime']['CE']
				end
				
				if ce then
					if link then
						ce = "[[" .. i18n['datetime']['common-era'] .. "|" .. ce .. "]]"
					end
					suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce
				end
				
				value = tostring(yRound)
				
				if m then
					dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1")
					
					if d then
						if self.mdyDate then
							dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. ","
						else
							dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr
						end
					end
					
					value = dateStr .. " " .. value
				end
				
				value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar
			else
				value = tostring(yRound * sign)
				
				if m then
					value = value .. "-" .. m
					
					if d then
						value = value .. "-" .. d
					end
				end
				
				value = value .. calendar
			end
			
			return value
		elseif snak.datavalue.type == 'globecoordinate' then
			-- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo
			
			local precision, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe
			local latValue, latitude, latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds
			local latDirection = i18n['coord']['latitude-north']
			local lonValue, longitude, lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds
			local lonDirection = i18n['coord']['longitude-east']
			
			local degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees']
			local minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes']
			local secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds']
			local separator = i18n['coord']['separator']
			
			if raw then
				degSymbol = "/"
				minSymbol = "/"
				secSymbol = "/"
				separator = "/"
			end
			
			latitude = snak.datavalue.value['latitude']
			longitude = snak.datavalue.value['longitude']
			
			if latitude < 0 then
				latDirection = i18n['coord']['latitude-south']
				latitude = math.abs(latitude)
			end
			if longitude < 0 then
				lonDirection = i18n['coord']['longitude-west']
				longitude = math.abs(longitude)
			end
			
			precision = snak.datavalue.value['precision']
			
			latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision
			longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision
			
			numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(3600 * precision))
			
			if numDigits < 0 or numDigits == -0 then
				numDigits = tonumber("0")  -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead
			end
			
			strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f"
			
			-- use string.format() to strip decimal point followed by a zero (.0) for whole numbers
			latSeconds = tonumber(string.format(strFormat, math.floor(latitude * 3600 * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits))
			lonSeconds = tonumber(string.format(strFormat, math.floor(longitude * 3600 * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits))
			
			latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60)
			lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60)
			
			latSeconds = latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)
			lonSeconds = lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)
			
			latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60)
			lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60)
			
			latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60)
			lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60)
			
			latValue = latDegrees .. degSymbol
			lonValue = lonDegrees .. degSymbol
			
			if precision < 1 then
				latValue = latValue .. latMinutes .. minSymbol
				lonValue = lonValue .. lonMinutes .. minSymbol
			end
			
			if precision < (1 / 60) then
				latSeconds = string.format(strFormat, latSeconds)
				lonSeconds = string.format(strFormat, lonSeconds)
				
				-- replace decimal marks based on locale
				latSeconds = mw.ustring.gsub(latSeconds, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1)
				lonSeconds = mw.ustring.gsub(lonSeconds, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1)
				
				latValue = latValue .. latSeconds .. secSymbol
				lonValue = lonValue .. lonSeconds .. secSymbol
			end
			
			latValue = latValue .. latDirection
			lonValue = lonValue .. lonDirection
			
			value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue
			
			if link then
				globe = parseWikidataURL(snak.datavalue.value['globe'])
				
				if globe then
					globe = mw.wikibase.getEntity(globe):getLabel("en"):lower()
				else
					globe = "earth"
				end
				
				value = "[https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latitude.."_"..latDirection.."_"..longitude.."_"..lonDirection.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]"
			end
			
			return value
		elseif snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then
			local value = ""
			local title = nil
			local itemID = "Q" .. snak.datavalue.value['numeric-id']
			
			if raw then
				if link then
					return "[[d:" .. itemID .. "|" .. itemID .. "]]"
				else
					return itemID
				end
			end
			
			if short then
				value = getShortName(itemID)
			end
			
			if value == "" then
				value = mw.wikibase.label(itemID)
			end
			
			if link or value == nil then
				title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(itemID)
			end
			
			if link then
				if title then
					value = "[[" .. title .. "|" .. (value or title) .. "]]"
				elseif not value then
					value = "[[d:" .. itemID .. "|" .. itemID .. "]]"
				end
			elseif not value then
				value = (title or itemID)
			end
			
			return value
		else
			return '<strong class="error">' .. unknownDataTypeError(snak.datavalue.type) .. '</strong>'
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' then
		if raw then
			return " "  -- single space represents 'somevalue'
		else
			return i18n['values']['unknown']
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' then
		if raw then
			return ""  -- empty string represents 'novalue'
		else
			return i18n['values']['none']
		end
	else
		return nil
	end
end

function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID)
	local qualifiers
	
	if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end
	
	if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then
		return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true)  -- raw = true
	else
		return nil
	end
end

function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value)
	local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true)  -- raw = true
	
	if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end
	
	return snakValue == value
end

function Config:setRank(rank)
	local rankPos
	
	if rank == "best" then
		self.bestRank = true
		self.flagBest = true  -- mark that 'best' flag was given
		return
	end
	
	if rank:sub(1,9) == "preferred" then
		rankPos = 1
	elseif rank:sub(1,6) == "normal" then
		rankPos = 2
	elseif rank:sub(1,10) == "deprecated" then
		rankPos = 3
	else
		return
	end
	
	-- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before
	if not self.flagRank then
		self.ranks = {false, false, false}  -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks
		self.bestRank = self.flagBest       -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before
		self.flagRank = true                -- mark that a rank flag was given
	end
	
	if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then
		for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do
			self.ranks[i] = true
		end
	elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then
		for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do
			self.ranks[i] = true
		end
	else
		self.ranks[rankPos] = true
	end
end

function Config:setPeriod(period)
	local periodPos
	
	if period == "future" then
		periodPos = 1
	elseif period == "current" then
		periodPos = 2
	elseif period == "former" then
		periodPos = 3
	else
		return
	end
	
	-- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before
	if not self.flagPeriod then
		self.periods = {false, false, false}  -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods
		self.flagPeriod = true                -- mark that a period flag was given
	end
	
	self.periods[periodPos] = true
end

function Config:processFlag(flag)
	if not flag then
		return false
	else
		flag = mw.text.trim(flag)
	end
	
	if flag == "linked" then
		self.curState.linked = true
		return true
	elseif flag == "raw" then
		self.curState.rawValue = true
		
		if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then
			-- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none)
			self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "}
		end
		
		return true
	elseif flag == "short" then
		self.curState.shortName = true
		return true
	elseif flag == "mdy" then
		self.mdyDate = true
		return true
	elseif flag == "best" or flag:match('^preferred[+-]?$') or flag:match('^normal[+-]?$') or flag:match('^deprecated[+-]?$') then
		self:setRank(flag)
		return true
	elseif flag == "future" or flag == "current" or flag == "former" then
		self:setPeriod(flag)
		return true
	elseif flag == "" then
		-- ignore empty flags and carry on
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag)
	local param = ""
	
	if not flag then
		return false
	else
		flag = mw.text.trim(flag)
	end
	
	if flag == "property" or flag == "properties" then
		param = parameters.property
	elseif flag:match('^qualifier[s]?$') then
		self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1
		param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount
		self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])}
	elseif flag:match('^reference[s]?$') then
		param = parameters.reference
	else
		return self:processFlag(flag)
	end
	
	if self.states[param] then
		return false
	end
	
	-- create a new State for each command
	self.states[param] = State.new(self)
	
	-- use "%x" as the general parameter name
	self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general)  -- will be overwritten for param=="%p"
	
	-- set the separator
	self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param]  -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately
	
	if string.sub(flag, -1) ~= 's' then
		self.states[param].singleValue = true
	end
	
	self.curState = self.states[param]
	
	return true
end

function Config:rankMatches(rankPos)
	if self.bestRank then
		return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos)
	else
		return self.ranks[rankPos]
	end
end

function Config:timeMatches(claim)
	local startTime = nil
	local startTimeY = nil
	local startTimeM = nil
	local startTimeD = nil
	local endTime = nil
	local endTimeY = nil
	local endTimeM = nil
	local endTimeD = nil
	
	if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then
		-- any time
		return true
	end
	
	local now = os.date('!*t')
	
	startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime)
	if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then
		startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime)
	end
	
	endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime)
	if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then
		endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime)
	elseif endTime == " " then
		-- end time is 'unknown', assume it is somewhere in the past;
		-- we can do this by taking the current date as a placeholder for the end time
		endTimeY = now['year']
		endTimeM = now['month']
		endTimeD = now['day']
	end
	
	if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then
		-- invalidate end time if it precedes start time
		endTimeY = nil
		endTimeM = nil
		endTimeD = nil
	end
	
	if self.periods[1] then
		-- future
		if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(now['year'], now['month'], now['day'], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	if self.periods[2] then
		-- current
		if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(now['year'], now['month'], now['day'], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and
		   (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(now['year'], now['month'], now['day'], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	if self.periods[3] then
		-- former
		if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(now['year'], now['month'], now['day'], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	return false
end

function State:claimMatches(claim)
	local matches, rankPos
	
	-- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value
	if self.conf.propertyValue then
		matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue)
	else
		matches = true
	end
	
	-- check if the claim's rank and time period match
	rankPos = convertRank(claim.rank)
	matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim))
	
	return matches, rankPos
end

function State:out()
	local result  -- collection of arrays with value objects
	local valuesArray  -- array with value objects
	local sep = nil  -- value object
	local out = {}  -- array with value objects
	
	local function walk(formatTable, result)
		local valuesArray = {}  -- array with value objects
		
		for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do
			if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then
				-- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level,
				-- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result
				return {}
			end
		end
		
		for i, v in ipairs(formatTable) do
			if v.param then
				valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str])
			elseif v.str ~= "" then
				valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str}
			end
			
			if v.child then
				valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result))
			end
		end
		
		return valuesArray
	end
	
	-- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators
	for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do
		result = self.results[i]
		
		-- if there is already some output, then add the separators
		if #out > 0 then
			sep = self.separator[1]  -- fixed separator
			result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]}  -- movable separator
		else
			sep = nil
			result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]}  -- optional punctuation mark
		end
		
		valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result)
		
		if #valuesArray > 0 then
			if sep then
				valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep
			end
			
			out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out)
		end
	end
	
	-- reset state before next iteration
	self.results = {}
	
	return out
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getProperty(claim)
	local value = {self.conf:getValue(claim.mainsnak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName)}  -- create one value object
	
	if #value > 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getQualifiers(claim, param)
	local qualifiers
	
	if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end
	if qualifiers then
		-- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values;
		-- return array with multiple value objects
		return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1})  -- pass qualifier State with level 2 hook
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array
	end
end

-- level 2 hook
function State:getQualifier(snak)
	local value = {self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName)}  -- create one value object
	
	if #value > 0 then
		return {value}  -- wrap the value object in an array and return it
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array if there was no value
	end
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks)
	local out = {}  -- array with value objects
	local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1]  -- value object
	
	-- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands
	for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do
		
		-- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now
		if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then
			self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result)
		end
		
		-- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it
		if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then
			
			-- if there is already some output, then add the separator
			if #out > 0 and sep then
				out[#out + 1] = sep
			end
			
			out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i])
		end
	end
	
	return out
end

-- level 1 hook
function State:getReferences(claim)
	if claim.references then
		-- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values;
		-- return array with multiple value objects
		return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1})  -- pass reference State with level 2 hook
	else
		return {}  -- return empty array
	end
end

-- level 2 hook
-- logic determined based on https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources
function State:getReference(statement)
	local snakValue, lang, property, url, title
	local value = ""
	local ref = {}
	local snaks = {}
	local params = {}
	local leadParams = {}
	
	if statement.snaks then
		for i, v in pairs(statement.snaks) do
			if v[1] then
				snaks[i] = v[1]
			end
		end
		
		-- don't include "imported from" that has been added by a bot
		if snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] then
			snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] = nil
		end
		
		-- use the general template for citing web references if both URL and title are present
		if snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] and snaks[aliasesP.title] and i18n['cite']['cite-web'] and i18n['cite']['cite-web'] ~= "" then
			params[i18n['cite']['url']]   = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL])
			params[i18n['cite']['title']] = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.title], false, false, false, true)  -- anyLang = true
			
			if snaks[aliasesP.publicationDate] then params[i18n['cite']['date']]         = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.publicationDate])                  end
			if snaks[aliasesP.retrieved]       then params[i18n['cite']['access-date']]  = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.retrieved])                        end
			if snaks[aliasesP.archiveURL]      then params[i18n['cite']['archive-url']]  = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.archiveURL])                       end
			if snaks[aliasesP.archiveDate]     then params[i18n['cite']['archive-date']] = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.archiveDate])                      end
			if snaks[aliasesP.author]          then params[i18n['cite']['author']]       = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.author])                           end
			if snaks[aliasesP.publisher]       then params[i18n['cite']['publisher']]    = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.publisher])                        end
			if snaks[aliasesP.quote]           then params[i18n['cite']['quote']]        = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.quote], false, false, false, true) end  -- anyLang = true
			
			if snaks[aliasesP.language] then
				snakValue = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.language])
				
				if self.conf.langName ~= snakValue then
					params[i18n['cite']['language']] = snakValue
				end
			end
			
			if mw.isSubsting() then
				for i, v in pairs(params) do
					value = value .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v
				end
				
				value = "{{" .. i18n['cite']['cite-web'] .. value .. "}}"
			else
				value = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=i18n['cite']['cite-web'], args=params}
			end
		else
			-- if no general template for citing web references was defined but URL and title are present, add these together
			if snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] and snaks[aliasesP.title] then
				url   = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL])
				title = self.conf:getValue(snaks[aliasesP.title], false, false, false, true)
				
				leadParams[#leadParams + 1] = "[" .. url .. " " .. title .. "]"
				
				-- set to nil so that they won't be added a second time
				snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] = nil
				snaks[aliasesP.title] = nil
			end
			
			for i, v in pairs(snaks) do
				property = getLabel(i)
				
				if property ~= "" then
					snakValue, lang = self.conf:getValue(v, false, (i == aliasesP.statedIn), false, true)  -- link = true/false, anyLang = true
					
					if lang and lang ~= self.conf.langCode then
						snakValue = "''" .. snakValue .. "'' (" .. mw.language.fetchLanguageName(lang, self.conf.langCode) .. ")"
					end
					
					if i == aliasesP.referenceURL or i == aliasesP.statedIn then
						leadParams[#leadParams + 1] = snakValue
					elseif i ~= aliasesP.language or self.conf.langName ~= snakValue then
						params[#params + 1] = property .. ": " .. snakValue
					end
				end
			end
			
			value = table.concat(leadParams, "; ")
			params = table.concat(params, "; ")
			
			if params ~= "" then
				if value ~= "" then
					value = value .. "; "
				end
				value = value .. params
			end
			
			if value ~= "" then
				value = value .. "."
			end
		end
		
		if value ~= "" then
			ref = {value}  -- create one value object
			
			if not self.rawValue then
				-- this should become a <ref> tag, so safe the reference's hash for later
				ref.refHash = statement.hash
			end
			
			ref = {ref}  -- wrap the value object in an array
		end
	end
	
	return ref
end

function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result)
	local valuesArray, refHash
	
	-- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before
	if not result[param] and hooks[param] then
		valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks)  -- array with value objects
		
		-- add to the result
		if #valuesArray > 0 then
			result[param] = valuesArray
			result.count = result.count + 1
		else
			result[param] = {}  -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already
			return true  -- miss == true
		end
	end
	
	return false
end

-- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values
function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook)
	matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue
	
	local matches = false
	local rankPos = nil
	local result, gotRequired
	
	for i, v in ipairs(statements) do
		-- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.)
		matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v)
		
		if matches then
			result = {count = 0}  -- collection of arrays with value objects
			
			local function walk(formatTable)
				local miss
				
				for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do
					-- call a hook, adding its return value to the result
					miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result)
					
					if miss then
						-- we miss a required value for this level, so return false
						return false
					end
					
					if result.count == hooks.count then
						-- we're done if all hooks have been called;
						-- returning at this point breaks the loop
						return true
					end
				end
				
				for i2, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do
					if result.count == hooks.count then
						-- we're done if all hooks have been called;
						-- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed
						return true
					end
					
					if v2.child then
						walk(v2.child)
					end
				end
				
				return true
			end
			gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat)
			
			-- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level
			if gotRequired then
				-- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank
				if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then
					self.conf.foundRank = rankPos
				end
				
				-- append the result
				self.results[#self.results + 1] = result
				
				-- break if we only need a single value
				if self.singleValue then
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end
	
	return self:out()
end

function p.property(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._property(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._property(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "property")
end

function p.properties(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._properties(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._properties(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "properties")
end

function p.qualifier(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._qualifier(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._qualifier(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "qualifier")
end

function p.qualifiers(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._qualifiers(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._qualifiers(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "qualifiers")
end

function p.reference(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._reference(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._reference(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "reference")
end

function p.references(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._references(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._references(args)
	loadSubmodules()
	return execCommand(args, "references")
end

function execCommand(args, funcName)
	_ = Config.new()
	_:processFlagOrCommand(funcName)  -- process first command (== function name)
	
	local parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, sep
	local hooks = {count = 0}
	
	local nextArg = args[1]
	local nextIndex = 2
	
	-- process flags and commands
	while _:processFlagOrCommand(nextArg) do
		nextArg = args[nextIndex]
		nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
	end
	
	if nextArg then
		nextArg = mw.text.trim(nextArg)
	else
		nextArg = ""
	end
	
	-- check for optional item ID
	if nextArg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" then
		_.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(nextArg)  -- item ID given
		_.propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[nextIndex] or "")  -- property ID
		nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
	else
		_.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity()  -- no item ID given, use item connected to current page
		_.propertyID = nextArg  -- property ID
	end
	
	-- check if given property ID is an alias
	if aliasesP[_.propertyID] then
		_.propertyID = aliasesP[_.propertyID]
	end
	
	_.propertyID = _.propertyID:upper()
	
	if _.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then
		-- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given
		
		if #args - nextIndex + 1 > _.states.qualifiersCount then
			-- claim ID or literal value has been given
			
			nextArg = args[nextIndex]  -- don't trim because might be single space representing 'somevalue'
			nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
			
			_.propertyValue = nextArg
		end
		
		for i = 1, _.states.qualifiersCount do
			nextArg = mw.text.trim(args[nextIndex] or "")  -- is a qualifierID
			nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
			
			-- check if given qualifier ID is an alias
			if aliasesP[nextArg] then
				nextArg = aliasesP[nextArg]
			end
			
			_.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = nextArg:upper()
		end
	elseif _.states[parameters.reference] then
		-- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given
		
		nextArg = args[nextIndex]
		nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
		
		_.propertyValue = nextArg  -- claim ID or literal value (possibly nil)
	end
	
	-- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue'
	if _.propertyValue then
		if _.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(_.propertyValue) == "" then
			_.propertyValue = " "  -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue'
		else
			_.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(_.propertyValue)
		end
	end
	
	-- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format
	if args["format"] then
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(replaceHTMLSpaces(mw.text.trim(args["format"])))
	elseif _.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then  -- "qualifier(s)" command given
		if _.states[parameters.property] then  -- "propert(y|ies)" command given
			parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier)
		else
			parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier)
		end
	elseif _.states[parameters.property] then  -- "propert(y|ies)" command given
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property)
	else  -- "reference(s)" command given
		parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference)
	end
	
	-- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon
	if _.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not _.states[parameters.property] then
		_.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"}
	end
	
	-- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw)
	if _.states[parameters.reference] and not _.states[parameters.property] and _.states.qualifiersCount == 0
	   and not _.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then
		_.separators["sep"][1] = nil
	end
	
	-- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent;
	-- must come BEFORE overriding the separator values
	if _.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then
		_.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = _.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"]
	end
	
	-- process overridden separator values;
	-- must come AFTER parsing the formats
	for i, v in pairs(_.separators) do
		if args[i] then
			sep = replaceHTMLSpaces(mw.text.trim(args[i]))
			
			if sep ~= "" then
				_.separators[i][1] = {sep}
			else
				_.separators[i][1] = nil
			end
		end
	end
	
	-- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined
	if not next(parsedFormat.req) then
		error(missingRequiredParameterError())
	end
	
	-- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters
	if parsedFormat.req[parameters.separator] then
		error(extraRequiredParameterError(parameters.separator))
	end
	
	-- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences);
	-- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given
	for i, v in pairs(_.states) do
		-- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q"
		if formatParams[i] or formatParams[string.sub(i, 1, 2)] then
			hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1)
			hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
		end
	end
	
	-- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...);
	-- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given
	if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and _.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then
		hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1)
		hooks.count = hooks.count + 1
	end
	
	-- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration;
	-- must come AFTER defining the hooks
	if not _.states[parameters.property] then
		_.states[parameters.property] = State.new(_)
	end
	
	-- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark)
	_.states[parameters.property].parsedFormat = parsedFormat
	_.states[parameters.property].separator = _.separators["sep"]
	_.states[parameters.property].movSeparator = _.separators["sep"..parameters.separator]
	_.states[parameters.property].puncMark = _.separators["punc"]
	
	if _.entity and _.entity.claims then claims = _.entity.claims[_.propertyID] end
	if claims then
		-- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated)
		claims = sortOnRank(claims)
		
		-- then iterate through the claims to collect values
		return concatValues(_.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches))  -- pass property State with level 1 hooks and matchHook
	else
		return ""
	end
end

function p.label(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._label(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._label(args, _)
	_ = _ or Config.new()
	_.curState = State.new(_)
	
	loadSubmodules()
	
	local ID = nil
	local label = ""
	local title = nil
	
	local nextArg = args[1]
	local nextIndex = 2
	
	while _:processFlag(nextArg) do
		nextArg = args[nextIndex]
		nextIndex = nextIndex + 1
	end
	
	if nextArg then
		ID = mw.text.trim(nextArg)
		
		if ID == "" then
			ID = nil
		end
	end
	
	if ID then
		if aliasesP[ID] then
			ID = aliasesP[ID]
		end
		
		ID = ID:upper()
		
		-- check if this is a valid ID, and if the number is not larger than max int (to prevent error)
		if not string.match(ID, '^[QP]%d+$') or tonumber(string.match(ID, '%d+')) > 2147483647 then
			return ""
		end
		
		if _.curState.rawValue and not _.pageTitle then
			if mw.wikibase.getEntity(ID) or mw.wikibase.resolvePropertyId(ID) then
				if _.curState.linked then
					if ID:sub(1,1) == "P" then
						label = "[[d:Property:" .. ID .. "|" .. ID .. "]]"
					else
						label = "[[d:" .. ID .. "|" .. ID .. "]]"
					end
				else
					label = ID
				end
			end
			
			return label
		end
	else
		if _.curState.rawValue and not _.pageTitle then
			label = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or ""
			
			if _.curState.linked and label ~= "" then
				label = "[[d:" .. label .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
			end
			
			return label
		end
	end
	
	if ID and ID:sub(1,1) == "P" then
		if not _.pageTitle then
			label = mw.wikibase.label(ID) or ""
			
			if _.curState.linked and label ~= "" then
				label = "[[d:Property:" .. ID .. "|" .. label .. "]]"
			end
		end
	else
		if not _.pageTitle then
			if _.curState.shortName then
				label = getShortName(ID)
			end
			
			-- at this point, 'label' will be a string and not nil
			
			if label == "" then
				label = mw.wikibase.label(ID)
			end
		else
			-- set 'label' to nil so 'title' will always prevail
			label = nil
		end
		
		-- at this point, 'label' will be nil or a non-empty string
		
		if _.curState.linked or label == nil then
			if ID then
				title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(ID)
			else
				title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText
			end
		end
		
		if _.curState.linked and title then
			label = "[[" .. title .. "|" .. (label or title) .. "]]"
		else
			label = label or title or ""
		end
	end
	
	return label
end

function p.title(frame)
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	return p._title(copyTable(frame.args))
end

function p._title(args, _)
	_ = _ or Config.new()
	_.pageTitle = true
	-- loadSubmodules() will already be called by _label()
	return p._label(args, _)
end

-- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates
function p.main(frame)
	local f, args, i, v
	
	loadSubmodules(frame)
	
	-- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template
	frame = frame:getParent() or frame
	
	if not frame.args[1] then
		error(i18n["errors"]["no-function-specified"])
	end
	
	f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1])
	
	if f == "main" then
		error(i18n["errors"]["main-called-twice"])
	end
	
	assert(p["_"..f], applyStringParams(i18n['errors']['no-such-function'], f))
	
	-- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table
	args = copyTable(frame.args)
	
	-- remove the function name from the list
	table.remove(args, 1)
	
	return p["_"..f](args)
end

return p